The Uluguru Mountains are a mountain range in eastern Tanzania, named after the Luguru tribe. The main portion of the Uluguru Mountains is a ridge running roughly north-south and rising to 2,630 metres (8,600 ft) altitude at its highest point. On the main Uluguru range, 50 villages touch the forest boundary

The local people of the Uluguru are the Waluguru tribe people. They have been living in the mountains for several hundred years, coming from other areas of Tanzania. Their land ownership is through the female line and women are powerful in village life (matrilineal Luguru people), in contrast to other tribes in Tanzania where men own the land and make most of the decisions about its use and management.

The vegetation of the Uluguru main ridge and outlying blocks is extremely variable. It ranges from drier lowland coastal forest habitats, to transitional rainforests, to sub-montane, montane and upper montane forest types. Mountains are home to a wealth of birds, plants and insects. These include many unique species, such as the Uluguru bush shrike.